How to operate forklift trucks safely

Use the forklift truck only for the purpose for which it was designed.
Hold a high risk work licence to operate a forklift truck or be an authorised trainee.
Do not operate a forklift truck if you are fatigued.
Wear a seatbelt where one is provided. The only exception is if a risk assessment advises otherwise, for example when operating a forklift truck on a wharf.
Operate the forklift truck strictly in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications.
Ensure that loads are within the rated load capacity of the forklift truck. Carry loads as close to the ground as possible.
Operate the forklift truck with the load placed fully against the truck carriage or back rest. The mast should be tilted sufficiently backward to safeguard the load.
Use a forklift truck to raise a person only if the truck is designed for this purpose or there is an approved work platform attached.
Maintain a clear view ahead and behind (via a correctly adjusted rear view mirror) and give clear indication of your intentions. Maintain a safe distance from other vehicles.
Observe speed limits and ensure you can make a safe stop at any time. Avoid rapid acceleration, deceleration and quick turns.
Drive carefully on wet or slippery surfaces or when pedestrians are near.
Reduce speed when making a turn. Take care that the tip of the fork (or load) or the rear side of the forklift truck does not touch a nearby person or object.
Drive in reverse if vision is obscured by a bulky load.
Ensure that the load leads when driving up gradients. On gradients, tilt the mast back sufficiently to safeguard the load and raise the forks so they clear the ground.
When travelling on an incline with no load, place the forks on the downhill side of the forklift truck.
Before driving a forklift truck onto a truck, trailer or rail wagon, check that the brakes of the receiving vehicle are set and the wheels are chocked.
Remove the ignition/starter switch key when you leave the forklift truck. Ensure the controls are in neutral, the power is shut off, the park brakes are applied and the forks fully lowered.
Never park or leave the forklift in any doorway, entrance, emergency exit or in front of fire extinguishing equipment.

Safety procedures

It is necessary that a set of safety operating procedures is implemented for every workplace device. These procedures should be regularly updated and made available to all staff via training sessions.

What to do

Provide training and information for operators on all aspects of forklift truck operation and maintenance. Records of training sessions attended should be kept for each operator throughout their term of employment.
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) where required for such activities as changing or charging batteries.
Before starting each shift, conduct a thorough inspection of the forklift truck and attachments such as lift and tilt systems, steering, brakes, controls, tyres, warning devices, load arms, brake fluid, hydraulic oil, etc.
Establish safety procedures for fuel handling and storage, and battery changing and charging.
Establish a method for determining the weights of loads being handled.
Make work areas safe for using forklift trucks. Fit raised edges on loading docks, install warning signs or barricades, impose speed limits, provide adequate lighting and, if necessary fit secure ramps to access work areas.